Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Apple M4 Max AWS-LC 5.5.0-dev Sign Reuse key 243K ops/s 4.12 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Intel Xeon 6738P AWS-LC 5.5.0-dev Sign Reuse key 152K ops/s 6.58 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Apple M4 Max BoringSSL 0.20260803.0 Sign Reuse key 143K ops/s 7.00 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Intel Xeon 6761P AWS-LC 5.5.0-dev Sign Reuse key 131K ops/s 7.63 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Intel Xeon 6952P AWS-LC 5.5.0-dev Sign Reuse key 117K ops/s 8.58 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Apple M4 Max RustCrypto 20260809 Sign Reuse key 114K ops/s 8.79 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Apple M4 Max wolfSSL 20260809 Sign Reuse key 109K ops/s 9.15 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Intel Xeon 6246 AWS-LC 5.5.0-dev Sign Reuse key 103K ops/s 9.72 us ECDSA P-256 ECDSA P-256 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (raw scalar) Public key: 64 bytes (raw x||y public point) ECDSA signature size is raw r||s, not DER. Apple M4 Max BoringSSL 0.20260803.0 Sign Reuse key 95.8K ops/s 10.4 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Intel Xeon 6442Y AWS-LC 5.5.0-dev Sign Reuse key 95.1K ops/s 10.5 us ECDSA P-256 ECDSA P-256 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (raw scalar) Public key: 64 bytes (raw x||y public point) ECDSA signature size is raw r||s, not DER. Apple M4 Max OpenSSL 4.1.0-dev Sign Reuse key 86.5K ops/s 11.6 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Intel Xeon 6761P BoringSSL 0.20260803.0 Sign Reuse key 84.9K ops/s 11.8 us ECDSA P-256 ECDSA P-256 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (raw scalar) Public key: 64 bytes (raw x||y public point) ECDSA signature size is raw r||s, not DER. Apple M4 Max AWS-LC 5.5.0-dev Sign Reuse key 84.5K ops/s 11.8 us ECDSA P-256 ECDSA P-256 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (raw scalar) Public key: 64 bytes (raw x||y public point) ECDSA signature size is raw r||s, not DER. Apple M4 Max OpenSSL 3.5.7 Sign Reuse key 83.9K ops/s 11.9 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Intel Xeon 6738P RustCrypto 20260809 Sign Reuse key 79.5K ops/s 12.6 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Intel Xeon 6952P BoringSSL 0.20260803.0 Sign Reuse key 75.6K ops/s 13.2 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Intel Xeon 6738P BoringSSL 0.20260803.0 Sign Reuse key 73.2K ops/s 13.7 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Apple M4 Max OpenSSL 4.1.0-dev Sign Reuse key 73.1K ops/s 13.7 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Intel Xeon 6738P wolfSSL 20260809 Sign Reuse key 72.4K ops/s 13.8 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Apple M4 Max OpenSSL 3.5.7 Sign Reuse key 72.0K ops/s 13.9 us ECDSA P-256 ECDSA P-256 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (raw scalar) Public key: 64 bytes (raw x||y public point) ECDSA signature size is raw r||s, not DER. Intel Xeon 6738P AWS-LC 5.5.0-dev Sign Reuse key 71.5K ops/s 14.0 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Intel Xeon 6761P RustCrypto 20260809 Sign Reuse key 68.2K ops/s 14.7 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Intel Xeon E5-2637 v2 AWS-LC 5.5.0-dev Sign Reuse key 64.9K ops/s 15.4 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Intel Xeon 6761P wolfSSL 20260809 Sign Reuse key 64.1K ops/s 15.6 us ECDSA P-256 ECDSA P-256 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (raw scalar) Public key: 64 bytes (raw x||y public point) ECDSA signature size is raw r||s, not DER. Intel Xeon 6738P BoringSSL 0.20260803.0 Sign Reuse key 64.0K ops/s 15.6 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Intel Xeon 6246 BoringSSL 0.20260803.0 Sign Reuse key 63.2K ops/s 15.8 us ECDSA P-256 ECDSA P-256 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (raw scalar) Public key: 64 bytes (raw x||y public point) ECDSA signature size is raw r||s, not DER. Intel Xeon 6761P AWS-LC 5.5.0-dev Sign Reuse key 62.5K ops/s 16.0 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Intel Xeon 6442Y BoringSSL 0.20260803.0 Sign Reuse key 60.3K ops/s 16.6 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Intel Xeon 6952P RustCrypto 20260809 Sign Reuse key 58.8K ops/s 17.0 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Intel Xeon 6952P wolfSSL 20260809 Sign Reuse key 57.0K ops/s 17.5 us ECDSA P-256 ECDSA P-256 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (raw scalar) Public key: 64 bytes (raw x||y public point) ECDSA signature size is raw r||s, not DER. Intel Xeon 6738P OpenSSL 4.1.0-dev Sign Reuse key 56.1K ops/s 17.8 us ECDSA P-256 ECDSA P-256 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (raw scalar) Public key: 64 bytes (raw x||y public point) ECDSA signature size is raw r||s, not DER. Intel Xeon 6952P AWS-LC 5.5.0-dev Sign Reuse key 55.4K ops/s 18.1 us ECDSA P-256 ECDSA P-256 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (raw scalar) Public key: 64 bytes (raw x||y public point) ECDSA signature size is raw r||s, not DER. Intel Xeon 6761P BoringSSL 0.20260803.0 Sign Reuse key 55.0K ops/s 18.2 us ECDSA P-256 ECDSA P-256 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (raw scalar) Public key: 64 bytes (raw x||y public point) ECDSA signature size is raw r||s, not DER. Intel Xeon 6738P OpenSSL 3.5.7 Sign Reuse key 54.7K ops/s 18.3 us ECDSA P-256 ECDSA P-256 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (raw scalar) Public key: 64 bytes (raw x||y public point) ECDSA signature size is raw r||s, not DER. Intel Xeon 6246 AWS-LC 5.5.0-dev Sign Reuse key 52.1K ops/s 19.2 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Intel Xeon 6442Y RustCrypto 20260809 Sign Reuse key 50.2K ops/s 19.9 us ECDSA P-256 ECDSA P-256 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (raw scalar) Public key: 64 bytes (raw x||y public point) ECDSA signature size is raw r||s, not DER. Intel Xeon 6952P BoringSSL 0.20260803.0 Sign Reuse key 48.8K ops/s 20.5 us ECDSA P-256 ECDSA P-256 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (raw scalar) Public key: 64 bytes (raw x||y public point) ECDSA signature size is raw r||s, not DER. Intel Xeon 6761P OpenSSL 4.1.0-dev Sign Reuse key 48.4K ops/s 20.7 us ECDSA P-256 ECDSA P-256 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (raw scalar) Public key: 64 bytes (raw x||y public point) ECDSA signature size is raw r||s, not DER. Intel Xeon 6246 BoringSSL 0.20260803.0 Sign Reuse key 47.6K ops/s 21.0 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Intel Xeon 6246 RustCrypto 20260809 Sign Reuse key 47.3K ops/s 21.1 us ECDSA P-256 ECDSA P-256 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (raw scalar) Public key: 64 bytes (raw x||y public point) ECDSA signature size is raw r||s, not DER. Intel Xeon 6761P OpenSSL 3.5.7 Sign Reuse key 47.2K ops/s 21.2 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Intel Xeon 6442Y wolfSSL 20260809 Sign Reuse key 44.9K ops/s 22.3 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Raspberry Pi 5 AWS-LC 5.5.0-dev Sign Reuse key 44.8K ops/s 22.3 us ECDSA P-256 ECDSA P-256 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (raw scalar) Public key: 64 bytes (raw x||y public point) ECDSA signature size is raw r||s, not DER. Intel Xeon 6442Y AWS-LC 5.5.0-dev Sign Reuse key 44.7K ops/s 22.4 us ECDSA P-256 ECDSA P-256 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (raw scalar) Public key: 64 bytes (raw x||y public point) ECDSA signature size is raw r||s, not DER. Intel Xeon 6952P OpenSSL 4.1.0-dev Sign Reuse key 43.1K ops/s 23.2 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Intel Xeon 6738P OpenSSL 4.1.0-dev Sign Reuse key 42.3K ops/s 23.6 us Ed448 Ed448 Signature: 114 bytes Private key: 57 bytes (private seed) Public key: 57 bytes (raw public key) Apple M4 Max OpenSSL 4.1.0-dev Sign Reuse key 42.2K ops/s 23.7 us Ed25519 Ed25519 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (private seed) Public key: 32 bytes (raw public key) Intel Xeon E5-2637 v2 BoringSSL 0.20260803.0 Sign Reuse key 41.9K ops/s 23.9 us ECDSA P-256 ECDSA P-256 Signature: 64 bytes Private key: 32 bytes (raw scalar) Public key: 64 bytes (raw x||y public point) ECDSA signature size is raw r||s, not DER. Intel Xeon 6952P OpenSSL 3.5.7 Sign Reuse key 41.8K ops/s 23.9 us Ed448 Ed448 Signature: 114 bytes Private key: 57 bytes (private seed) Public key: 57 bytes (raw public key) Apple M4 Max OpenSSL 3.5.7 Sign Reuse key 41.8K ops/s 23.9 us